New Year, new heart and a new spirit to walk with God
今天是2016年的第一天,感謝神讓我們這樣聚在一起同心敬拜。
以色列人在神的啟示下,在摩西的帶領下離開埃及為奴之地,經過四十年時間,終於來到約旦河邊,前面就是神所應許的迦南美地,就是流奶與蜜之地。在他們即將進入新的生活、新的地土之前,神藉申命記11:11-12節的經文向他們說話:
申11:11 你們要過去得為業的那地乃是有山有谷、雨水滋潤之地,12 是耶和華-你上帝所眷顧的;從歲首到年終,耶和華-你上帝的眼目時常看顧那地。
Deuteronomy 11:11-12 But the land you are crossing the Jordan to take posasession of is a land of mountains and valleys that drinks rain from heaven. It is a land the Lord your God cares for; the eyes of the Lord your God are continually on it from the beginning of the year to its end.
這話包含三個要點:
第一、「上帝的應許之地」—「你們要進去得那地為業」
A. Land of God’s promise. -“you are crossing the Jordan to take possession of”
第二、「上帝的恩典之地」—「為業之地是有山有谷,雨水滋潤之地」
B. Land of God’s grace.- ” a land of mountains and valleys that drinks rain from heaven.”
第三、「上帝的保護之地」—「這地從歲首到年終上帝的眼目都看顧」
C. Land of God’s protection.- ” the eyes of the Lord your God are continually on it from the beginning of the year to its end. “
對華人而言,正月初一是農曆的ㄧ月ㄧ日,但對美國人而言,正月初一就是今天,ㄧ年的開始。對以色列百姓而言,正月初一是他們出埃及的月份。上帝要他們以出埃及脫離法老之日為一年之首,為他們新生的日子,是有特別意義的。那時已是3-4月間,這個月的迦南名字是亞筆月(the month of Aviv)(出13:4),後來被擄期間用巴比倫的名字稱為尼散月(the month of Nisan)(尼二1)。對以色列百姓、對基督徒來說「正月初一」有特別的屬靈意義。
聖經中有幾處經文提到「正月初一」,分別出現於創8:13 、出40:2 17、代下29:17、拉7:9- 10 17和結29:17及 45:18,都集中在舊約。「正月初一」 在以色列人的年份中是一年的開始,這是神親自吩咐的「你們要以本月為正月,為一年之首。」(出12:2)。
以色列歷史上重大的事件也在「正月初一」這一天發生,並且這些事件都具有新的開始的意味。
我們中國的農曆新年也是以正月初一為一年的開始,在我們中國過年就意味著除舊迎新,合家團圓等;而在我們信耶穌的人看來又賦予了感恩、回顧過去、展望未來的意味。
在這裡以「正月初一」的經文與弟兄姐妹分享幾件事:
一、 正月初一,獻上感恩的祭。
On the first day of the first month, offer thanksgiving.
「到挪亞六百零一歲,正月初一日,地上的水都乾了。挪亞撤去方舟的蓋觀看,便見地面上乾了。…挪亞為耶和華築了一座壇,拿各類潔淨的牲畜,飛鳥獻在壇上為燔祭。」(創8:13-20)
Genesis 8:13 By the first day of the first month of Noah’s six hundred and first year, the water had dried up from the earth. Noah then removed the covering from the ark and saw that the surface of the ground was dry. …20 Then Noah built an altar to the Lord and, taking some of all the clean animals and clean birds, he sacrificed burnt offerings on it.
這經文告訴我們,將近一年的大洪水過去了,神所創造的大地重新出現了,挪亞一家及各從其類的畜類又重見天日了,開始新的生活。
我們要回顧挪亞獻祭以前世界的光景,創世紀第六章的經文告訴我們以前的世界是
「耶和華見人在地上罪惡很大,終日所思想的盡都是惡。」(創6:5)
Genesis 6:5 The Lord saw how great the wickedness of the human race had become on the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of the human heart was only evil all the time.
起初的世界既然失去了神起初創造的樣式,
「耶和華說:「人既屬乎血氣,我的靈就不永遠住在他裏面;然而他的日子還可到一百二十年。」(創6:3 )Genesis 6:3 Then the Lord said, “My Spirit will not contend with humans forever, for they are mortal; their days will be a hundred and twenty years.”
這120年就是到挪亞造好方舟的日子為止。
洪水以前的世界有三件事情值得我們關注:
Three things worth noticing in the world beefier the Great Flood:
第一,地上滿了強暴,都是罪人,然而唯有「挪亞是個義人,在當時的世代是個完全人。挪亞與神同行。」 。(創6:9)
The earth was filled with violence, we’re all sinners, but only Noah was a righteous man. Genesis 6:9 This is the account of Noah and his family. Noah was a righteous man, blameless among the people of his time, and he walked faithfully with God.
第二,神將要毀滅世界,然而可等120年,其實這是給人類悔改的機會當然也是給挪亞傳揚福音的機會。God was to destroy the world, but He waited for 120 years. He gave the world an opportunity to repent as well as an opportunity to spread the Good News.
第三,洪水會按時來到地上,只有挪亞一家八口得救,因為在建造方舟的事情上看到他們是實實在在的順服。
The flood will arrive on earth, and only Noah’s family of eight will be saved, because their obedience to God was evident through the building of the Ark.
當挪亞看到地上的水都乾了時,就意味著神重新潔淨了大地,挪亞在神的恩典下開始了新的生活。
我們看到挪亞出方舟後的第一件事就是向神獻上祭物—燔祭。燔祭有感恩,認罪的意思,也就是說認定對於這一切並非出於自己,而是出於神。
挪亞出方舟是一月一日,這是新造的開始,舊造已經沒了。現在起是新生的開始,人類該記取教訓展開新的旅程。
我們接下來看到神不僅悅納了祭物,而且神還應許從此不會再用洪水毀滅大地。而以虹為記與世人與萬物訂下「彩虹之約」。
基督徒在新的一年首選應當獻上感恩,昨天、今天、每天都應當感恩,
「求你指教我們怎樣數算自己的日子,好叫我們得著智慧的心。」(詩篇90:12)
Psalm 90:12 Teach us to number our days,that we may gain a heart of wisdom.
二、 正月初一,同心合意建造神的居所。
On the first day of the first month they built the house of God.
「正月初一日,你要立起帳幕。」「第二年正月初一日,帳幕就立起來。」 (出40:2,17)
Exodus 40:2 “Set up the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, on the first day of the first month. Exodus 40:17 “Set up the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, on the first day of the first month. So the tabernacle was set up on the first day of the first month in the second year.
帳幕也可稱為會幕,在當時是神與人同在的象徵,是神的居所,是以色列人在曠野時期、士師時期、乃至大衛時期主要從事信仰生活的地方,相當於現在的教堂。
縱觀以色列人的信仰歷史,可以發現他們在不同時期會有不同信仰生活的表達形式;祭壇、會幕、聖殿及會堂、教堂,雖然形式在不斷的更變但有一樣卻一直沒有變,即祭物,新約是以耶穌為永遠的祭物。
會幕是以色列人在曠野中臨時敬拜的地方,從他們建造會幕的過程中我們可以發現他們起碼有三樣值得我們學習的地方:
Tabernacle was the temporary place where the Israelites worshipped God while journeying in the desert, in their process of setting up the Tabernacle we discovered at least three things worth is learning:
第一,各樣都按照神的指示去做,「摩西這樣行,都是照耶和華所吩咐他的。」(出40:16)
They did everything according to God’s command.
Exodus 40:16 Moses did everything just as the Lord commanded him.
第二,甘心樂意的奉獻,包括才幹及金錢,「凡心裡受感和甘心樂意的都拿耶和華的禮物來,用以作會幕和其中一切的使用,又用以作聖衣。」(出35:21)。
Willing to give everything to Him and for Him including their talents and their possessions. Exodus 35:21 and everyone who was willing and whose heart moved them came and brought an offering to the Lord for the work on the tent of meeting, for all its service, and for the sacred garments.
第三,因為前兩者,所以神的榮耀顯現在會幕中,「當時,雲彩遮蓋會幕,耶和華的榮光就充滿了帳幕。」(出40:34)。
Because of the #1 and #2, the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle
Exodus 40:34 Then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle.
建造神的居所包括物質教堂的建設和靈性生命的建設,無論哪一方面的建設我們都要按照神的心意去做,都要甘心樂意的奉獻,不然神不會顯現在我們的教會中或我們的心靈中。
三、正月初一,潔淨自己、歸向耶和華,復興主工。
They began the consecration on the first day of the first month.
「從正月初一日潔淨起,初八日到了耶和華的殿廊,用八日的工夫潔淨耶和華的殿,到正月十六日才潔淨完了。」(代下29:17)
2 Chronicles 29:17 They began the consecration on the first day of the first month, and by the eighth day of the month they reached the portico of the Lord. For eight more days they consecrated the temple of the Lord itself, finishing on the sixteenth day of the first month.
我們在熟讀以色列列王歷史的時候,可以發現一件事,並非是政治領袖或君王主導一切,而是神在主導一切;當然人也應當在恩典中盡職盡責,不然神的榮光會離開。
自從猶大王羅波安當政時期在主前921年分裂為南北王朝以後,南猶大從建國到滅亡約三百多年間至少經歷了二十個王,其中不少是「不行列祖之道」的君王,當然也有不少是「行耶和華眼中看為正」的君王。既然這樣我們不難發現以色列國的命運有兩條線貫穿著:
第一,行耶和華眼中看為正的君王,以色列國就會國泰民安、人民安居樂業;
When the king did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, the people will live and work in peace and prosperity
第二,而行耶和華眼中看為惡的王,以色列國就會民不聊生生靈塗炭,被耶和華神所厭棄。
When the king did what was wrong in the eyes of the Lord, the Israelites would endure untold sufferings and be despised by the Lord God.
亞哈斯與西希家,是對一邪一正的父子。西希家王的父親亞哈斯是一位罪惡滔天,行耶和華眼中看為惡的君王,他製作偶像,向別神燒香,用火燒自己的女兒,毀壞神殿的器皿,封鎖神的殿。惹動耶和華的怒氣,大大干犯耶和華,所以他所管理的國家不得安寧,神甚至將他36歲年輕的生命取去,兒子西希家接續他的王位。
西希家是一位行耶和華眼中看為正的君王,敬畏耶和華。西希家知道他父親的所作所為,深知國將不國,生靈塗炭根本的原因在於他們離棄了耶和華,所以耶和華也離棄了他們。因此他發動了一次聲勢浩大的宗教改革運動,號召國民潔淨自己,重新歸向耶和華。
從這個宗教改革運動,我們可以發現兩方面的特點:
From this religious reformation, we learned two distinguishing characteristics:
第一,自上而下的改革,自己先號召國民,再從利未人開始,「他召眾祭司和利未人來,聚集在東邊的寬闊處。」(代下29:4)
A top-down reformation the king called upon the Israelites to repent but starting with the priests and Levites. 2 Chronicles 29:4 He brought in the priests and the Levites, assembled them in the square on the east side.
第二,改革的結果是,百姓打碎偶像歸向耶和華,國家得到強盛,「凡他所行的,無論是辦神殿的事,是遵律法守誡命,是尋求他的神,都是盡心去行,無不亨通。」。(代下31:21)
The result of the reformation is that the people have broken their idols and returned back to the Lord.
2 Chronicles 31:21 In everything that he undertook in the service of God’s temple and in obedience to the law and the commands, he sought his God and worked wholeheartedly. And so he prospered.
基督徒要想復興主的工,也應當首先先潔淨自己,因為聖潔的神只與追求聖潔的人同工,與遵神命的人同工。
四、正月初一,用真理教導神的百姓。這就像是一個大規模的「門徒訓練」一樣。
Study and observe of the Law of the Lord, and teach His decrees and laws in Israel.
「正月初一日,他從巴比倫起程。因他神施恩的手幫助他,五月初一日就到了耶路撒冷。以斯拉定志考究遵行耶和華的律法,又將律例典章教訓以色列人。」 (拉7:9-10)
Ezra 7:9-10 He had begun his journey from Babylon on the first day of the first month, and he arrived in Jerusalem on the first day of the fifth month, for the gracious hand of his God was on him. For Ezra had devoted himself to the study and observance of the Law of the Lord, and to teaching its decrees and laws in Israel.
這兩節經文告訴我們以斯拉從正月初一日到五月初一日,用了四個月時間從巴比倫到達耶路撒冷;他到耶路撒冷幹什麼?從第十節經文可略知一二,「將律例典章教訓以色列人。」我們看到以斯拉的服侍有四個特點或是他注重四個方面的服侍:
第一,心態上是「立志」。
In attitude: Make up one’s mind.
第二,專業上是「考究」。
In approach: Study like expert.
第三,行動上是「遵行耶和華的律法」。
In action: Consistent observance.
第四,教導上是「將律例典章教訓以色列民。」。
In teaching: teaching its Laws in Israel.
文士以斯拉的服侍給了我們今天神的僕人或弟兄姐妹們一個美好的榜樣,告訴我們大家既要「定志考究遵行耶和華的律法」又要「將律例典章教訓以色列人」,這是雙方面的,絕不能顧此失彼。
今年起我們教會的重心是「門徒訓練」,我在去年第三次的教會事工研習會(Church Ministry Seminar)分享人們如何看一個教會,簡單的說就是教會ABCDEF。
今天的教會向兩個極端的方向發展:要麼是過分的注重日常工作而忽略了屬靈的重建,要麼就是過分的注重屬靈的重建而忽略了日常工作或是注重屬靈而忽略了真理的教導。
屬靈的重建與真理的教導是相互平衡的,在《信徒神學》一書中認為平衡的信仰應有的四個基礎:宗教生活的基礎、宗教道德的基礎、主觀經歷的基礎和客觀認識的基礎。
保羅也說「你們在我身上所學習的,所領受的,所聽見的,所看見的,這些事你們都要去行。賜平安的神,就必與你們同在。」 (腓4:9)Philippians 4:9 Whatever you have learned or received or heard from me, or seen in me—put it into practice. And the God of peace will be with you.
五、正月初一,在婚姻上榮耀神的名。
On the first day of the first month glorify the name of God in marriage.
「只是百姓眾多,又逢大雨的時令,我們不能站在外頭,這也不是一兩天辦完的事,因我們在這事上犯了大罪,到正月初一日,才查清娶外邦女子的人數。」( 拉10:13, 17)
Ezra 10:13, 17 But there are many people here and it is the rainy season; so we cannot stand outside. Besides, this matter cannot be taken care of in a day or two, because we have sinned greatly in this thing. and by the first day of the first month they finished dealing with all the men who had married foreign women.
以色列人歸回後首先要做的是重建聖殿的事工,以斯拉重回耶路撒冷前就已大功告成,他們終於可以重新恢復與神的交通和敬拜;雖然他們在過程中曾受過不少的攻擊和反對,但靠著神的恩典至終也能得勝。
然而就在聖殿重建後,有一個極重陰影籠罩在他們身上;就是重回耶路撒冷的以斯拉發現在百姓中間,有很多人犯大罪,更有領袖帶領百姓去犯罪—娶外邦的女子為妻,
「因他們為自己和兒子娶了這些外邦女子為妻,以致聖潔的種類和這些國的民混雜。而且首領和官長在這事上為罪魁。」 (拉9:2)
Ezra 9:2 They have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and their sons, and have mingled the holy race with the peoples around them. And the leaders and officials have led the way in this unfaithfulness.”
當以斯拉得知此事後,便代表以色列民向神大大的認罪,最後影響以色列民深知犯了大罪,干犯了耶和華,便向神悔改,休了外邦的妻子。
我們看見他們之所以如此迅速悔罪有幾個原因:
第一,對罪敏銳的感覺。
A keen sense of sin.
第二,神前的痛悔。
Contrite before God.
第三,真正的信心。
The true faith.
「只是百姓眾多,又逢大雨的時令,我們不能站在外頭,這也不是一兩天辦完的事,因我們在這事上犯了大罪。」(拉10:13)。
Ezra 10:13 But there are many people here and it is the rainy season; so we cannot stand outside. Besides, this matter cannot be taken care of in a day or two, because we have sinned greatly in this thing.
我們知道以色列人之所以犯罪乃是因為他們違反了不能娶外邦女子為妻的命令
「不可與他們結親。不可將你的女兒嫁他們的兒子,也不可叫你的兒子娶他們的女兒。」。(申7:3-4參出34:10-16)
Deuteronomy 7:3-4 Do not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons, for they will turn your children away from following me to serve other gods, and the Lord’s anger will burn against you and will quickly destroy you.
神如此規定是否不可理喻呢?不是!這乃是為了保持信仰與血統的純正緣故,特別是為了保持信仰的純正
「只怕你與那地的居民立約,百姓隨從他們的神,就行邪淫,祭祀他們的神,有人叫你,你便吃他的祭物,又為你的兒子娶他們的女兒為妻,他們的女兒隨從他們的神,就行邪淫,使你的兒子也隨從他們的神行邪淫。」(出34:15-16)
Exodus 34:15-16 “Be careful not to make a treaty with those who live in the land; for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to them, they will invite you and you will eat their sacrifices. And when you choose some of their daughters as wives for your sons and those daughters prostitute themselves to their gods, they will lead your sons to do the same.
這與今日嫁給外國人為妻或娶外國女子為妻情況不同,不可同日而語,混爲一談。
我們確實看到聖經中的很多偉人都因此事被神棄絕,如所羅門等,我們要引以為戒。基督徒應在神所設立的婚姻上榮耀主的名,建立基督里的合法婚姻!
有人說歷史就是在源遠流長時間點上留下重大的痕跡,可以對當代及後代產生重大的影響。
相信以上所談的幾個方面既對當時的以色列人產生了重大的影響,同時也在影響著現在的我們並會影響著後來的人;現在的我們應當從中汲取鑒戒,好反思,學習。
求神在新的一年開啟我們屬靈的眼睛,看見神要我們看見的新天新地、舉起屬靈腳步跟隨主,進入神應許的迦南美地。同時求主保守大家在新年出入平安,有在世而不屬世的表現,榮耀上主聖名。阿們!
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